History is massively important in Ireland!!! It is on our walls, painted in murals, spoken in peoples speech and comes up in their attitude and views. 

Much of what goes on in Ireland today we can date back to one troublesome part of our history:  the 16th and 17th centuries. 
It was then that Ireland was torn apart by religion and war. It was a battle for control of the island of Ireland.  This would see the province of Ulster transformed forever and  would end with King William of Orange winning the battle of the Boyne... a battle celebrated by some in our community hundreds of years later - But what were those events that went on so long ago that can so affect our lives today !? Lets see ...

([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ireland_1450.png source and rights])

English influence is limited to the small area of the Pale.(Around dublin)
Most of Ireland is still run by the Native Gaelic Irish
There is some strong Anglo Norman influence (but this has become more irish than the irish!)

English Kings and Queens faced a continuous problem with Ireland at this time: 

• They felt Ireland was a THREAT to England as invaders could use it as a base to attack England
• They also thought it was an OPPORTUNITY to trade and get rich
• They knew controlling Ireland could make the England and the English King or Queen more powerful!
• As time went on they also wanted to use it to spread their PROTESTANT RELIGION. 

They all wanted to CONTROL it!! It seemed an impossible task with a different culture, language and way of life. However, each King and Queen tried different ways to try and control the island - with different successes and failures. You will have to know each King and Queen and HOW they tried to control Ireland.

YES AND NO

Many Irish Chieftans DID SURRENDER and REGRANT and declare themselves loyal to Henry

HOWEVER:

• Many Irish continued as they had been doing afterwards- speaking Irish and following Gaelic customs
• The Catholic religion remained the religion of the land

MARY USED A METHOD OF CONTROL CALLED : PLANTATION 

Queen Mary followed the early death of her brother King Edward. 
She was a Catholic Queen but she was just as determined to get more control of Ireland. 

Mary used PLANTATION: 

• THIS WAS TRYING TO GET A LARGE GROUP OF ENGLISH PEOPLE TO GO TO IRELAND AND SETTLE THERE IN THE HOPE THAT THEY: 
• WOULD SET UP FARMS
• DEVELOP RICH BUSINESSES
• SPREAD THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND CULTURE AND...
• HELP HER CONTROL IRELAND WITHOUT EXPENSIVE SOLDIERS!

Mary tried to plant TWO counties: She called them : Kings county and Queens County.

FAILURE
Mary's Plantation failed. Very few English people were attracted to the idea of going to Ireland at the time. It seemed a wild and dangerous place to many English people.

METHOD OF CONTROL:  THE MUNSTER PLANTATION ​

Queen Elizabeth was really determined to control Ireland. She was deeply frightened that the country could be used as a base to attack England. Elizabeth was a Protestant Queen and was under threat from countries like Spain. 

• Elizabeth first used force. She sent her soldiers to fight in a devastating and expensive war called the NINE YEARS WAR. This was only partly successful and many soldiers died. It was also expensive. 
• Elizabeth decided to copy the same idea as her sister Mary - PLANTATION

Elizabeth started her own Plantation. This time it was in the province of MUNSTER. This time many settlers were attracted. 
WHY WERE SETTLERS ATTRACTED TO THE MUNSTER PLANTATION? 

• They were promised a lot of good land and this could lead to  money. 
• They had the chance of power open to them in Ireland
• They would be pleasing their Queen by helping Plant Ireland
• They were attracted to the adventure

AT FIRST THE MUNSTER PLANTATION WAS SUCCESSFUL ATTRACTING MANY SETTLERS
HOWEVER
AFTER A WHILE THEY WERE SOON DRIVEN OUT BY THE NATIVE IRISH.  


This time however the English were learning from their mistakes. The third plantation would prove third time lucky but for a different king.

WHAT WAS THE FLIGHT OF THE EARLS? ​

The NINE YEARS WAR had left Ireland devastated. Elizabeth had spent a fortune fighting.. BUT the defeat of the Irish at the BATTLE OF KINSALE led to the Irish Earls being severely weakened.

O’NEILL the Irish leader surrendered and was allowed to keep his lands IF HE OBEYED ENGLISH LAW.

Many however wanted O’NEILL out and in 1607 fearing a plot,  O’Neill and 100 followers boarded a ship in Donegal and left Ireland. They hoped to get help from Catholic allies in Europe to help defeat the English in Ireland.  However they were never to return. This was called the Flight of the Earls.

This left ULSTER defenceless and without Leaders. Their Ulster lands would be taken by the English—for a Plantation on a much greater scale.

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